Imam H(AS)san’ s (Peace be upon him) making Peace with Mu'aviyah is one of the most controversial historical events from which different interpretations have been made. Some consider it an honorable act in the face of opponents (AS) well (AS) a kind of wise political negotiation that h(AS) certain principles and criteria, while others consider it a p(AS)sive and weak act. In the research, by explaining the meaning and components of political negotiation and an overview of the accounts of Imam H(AS)san’ s ((AS)) conciliatory talks with Mu'aviyah, in a comparative study of the characteristics of political negotiation with the dominant features and conditions of this conciliation process, it becomes evident that these debates are a type of political negotiation with the opponents and are b(AS)ed on specific principles and criteria. Examining the valid historical and narrative sources related to this process by using a descriptive-analytical method, the study investigates Imam H(AS)san’ s ((AS)) most important principles and criteria of conciliation negotiations with Mu'aviyah, by pointing to time, in the divided forms of "pre-negotiation", "the negotiation itself" and "post-negotiation" principles. Finally, although Imam H(AS)san (Peace be upon him) agreed to negotiate according to the interests of his time, they had principles and rules in Peace negotiations.

Imam H(AS)san ((AS)), (AS) one of the Islamic caliphs and the Shiite Imams, seems to have taken action in the field of political thought. Due to an inevitable process, he abandoned his legitimate and legal caliphate by concluding a Peace treaty with his rival, Mu'awiyah. Many scholars have been studied and evaluated this action from the perspective of critique and causal analysis, however, it h(AS) not been considered from a civilization perspective so far. The present paper answers the focal question using a historical method and content analysis of the status of Imam's Peace in civilization, in other words raises the question that “ What is the status of such a Peace treaty in civilization? ” The hypothesis of the paper is that for the Imam's action, two fundamental civilization elements, namely public security and social convergence, played a central role (AS) two strategic goals and that all costs were borne by him for this purpose

Imam H(AS)san’ s speech on his Peace with Muawiyah is one of the most credible documents that can be analyzed and investigated to go through the underlying causes of the Peace and the rejection of Muawiyah’ s false claims on caliphate. Muawiyah started to oppose Imam H(AS)san’ s right to caliphate since the beginning of his Imamate; he tried hard to isolate him by winning his companions over. Thus, he coerced Imam H(AS)san into accepting the Peace. After signing the Peace agreement, Muawiyah declared that Imam H(AS)san considered him worthy of caliphate and believed him to be the only competent person for this position. After this declaration from Muawiyah, Imam H(AS)san presented a sermon. A first look at the speech reveals that the introduction and the beginning have no consistency with Muawiah’ s false claims. So, the writers take a closer look and use a pragmatic approach to analyze the speech to examine its latent points and to relate the introduction and other sections of the speech with Muawiyah’ s claim. Using the evidence within and outside the text, the authors clarify the aforementioned vagueness, Imam’ s re(AS)on for presenting this speech, and the illocutionary act of the speaker. The results of the research demonstrate the re(AS)on for the choice of this kind of speech by Imam and his goal for addressing various topics in the speech. The context of the situation, the type of audience, and even the issue of opposition of most of Imam’ s close companions necessitated Imam’ s dealing with seemingly irrelevant topics such (AS) the Prophet, his companions, and Ahl al-Bayt to alter his audience’ s point of view. There are even issues less relevant to Moawiyah’ s speech— such (AS) Salawat, Khums, and Sadaqah— yet they all serve his ultimate goal (AS) they enable him to indirectly convince the audience of his right to caliphate.

The Peace treaty between Imam H(AS)san ((AS)) and Mu'awiyah is one of the most sensitive turning points in the first century of Islamic history. It w(AS) an event that had a profound impact on both major and minor issues in the Islamic world and, in a way, completely changed the course of Islam and the goals of the Muslim Ummah. Therefore, most historians and history scholars, from the early days of Islam to the present, with all their thoughts and even different religions, have expressed their opinions and presented their analysis on this matter. However, due to the fabrications of the forgers of Hadiths and history who, at different times, had introduced many rumors into Islamic sources, it can be claimed that most of the analyses are false and unfair. Now, we have tried to present two analyses that are closer to the truth than the others and to examine the strengths and weaknesses of these two views. By examining the two books "The Peace of Imam H(AS)san: The Most Glorious Heroic Concession" and "Imam H(AS)san ((AS)) in the Face of the Umayyad Schism", we find that Sayyid Sami al-Badri's view is free of the forged narrations of the forgers of hadith more than Sheikh Radhi al-Y(AS)in's view. In general, it can be said that Sheikh Radhi al-Y(AS)in considered the result of Imam H(AS)san's Peace to be the exposure of Mu'awiyah and Umayyad thought, while Sayyid Sami al-Badri considers the result of Peace to be the elimination of the Umayyad schism. Now, in this article, we will discuss and criticize these two theories in detail.

From the p(AS)t until now, conflicting opinions have been expressed about the interpretation attributed to Imam H(AS)an (AS)kari (a.s.); Some thinkers consider the book (AS) the subject, and have specified it; And some scholars have considered the book (AS) authentic. Considering these controversies and especially the problem of attributing Tafsir to Imams (AS)kari ((AS)), this question arises: What is the originality of Tafsir (AS)kari's book? What is the validity of this book? Can there be any re(AS)ons for not attributing or attributing the interpretation to the (AS)karian Imams (a.s.)? The present research, specifically, during the preliminary process, h(AS) dealt with the citation me(AS)urement and validation of the interpretation attributed to Imam (AS)kari (a.s.). The result of the research shows that, for various re(AS)ons, this interpretation is not valid and it is not from the Imams of (AS)karin ((AS)); Like: 1- Tafsir not being famous among Imamiyyah until the 6th century. 2- Lack of recognition of the commentary and its narrator in indexes and translations. 3- Legal and documentary problems, such (AS) the difference in the interpretation version of the document. 4- Inconsistency of narrators' stories with Imam (AS)kari ((AS)). 5- Tafsir not being used by Imami scholars.

The meta-function element is one of the characteristics of Halliday's systematic grammar. Among the three trans-textual, inter-textual, and intellectual roles, the intellectual or experimental role reflects the semantic layer of the text. The semantic layer shows the author's style in the selection of processes and participants, and the type and frequency of the processes also change with the change of the subject and the purpose of the author. This article studies the transitivity structure of the will letter of Imam Ali ((AS)) to Imam H(AS)san ((AS)) and examines the most frequent processes and participants that determine the author's style. Since this letter is long and the structure of the two halves of the letter seems different at first glance, Halliday's method w(AS) performed on the two halves of the text separately, and by drawing comparative diagrams, the hypothesis of the structural difference between the first half of the letter and the second half is proven. In the first half, the highest frequency is (AS)signed to the material process and active and p(AS)sive participants, but in the second half, the relational process and, (AS) a result, the carrier and attribute participles have the highest frequency.

Imam al-H(AS)an (Peace be upon him) is one of the prominent personalities in Islamic history. This person h(AS) contributed greatly to waving the flag of Islam, and h(AS) had a great presence in Islamic activities. With sermons full of rhetoric, beauty and dignity, he h(AS) driven the Shiite Islamic trend toward the head of government. Textual consistency, with its manifestations and elements, clearly contributes to the presentation of the style of texts and its aesthetic (AS)pects. B(AS)ed on this, this research seeks to examine the manifestations and manifestations of syntactic coherence in the m(AS)terpieces of Imam H(AS)san (PBUH) sermons, and reveal the mechanisms and techniques behind it b(AS)ed on the descriptive-analytic approach. The study examines the mechanisms of grammatical coherence in the sermons of Imam (Peace be upon him) to remove the effectiveness of communicating the message that is guaranteed by the Imam and the burden of carrying it with a strong chest and a firm will that does not find despair and lack of path. The research finally concluded that the mechanisms of textual coherence of the links, references and textual displacements of submission, delay, repetition, emph(AS)is, use of emotions, discipleships, deletions, substitutions, and gameplay were all hand in hand to realize the message that the Imam had intended to convey to the people at that time and without such eloquence.

Peace brings security to society, calmness to the people, comfort to the army and prosperity to the cities. But these effects will come at a time when the regulations and conditions of Peace are being observed. Some of the most important conditions of Peace are reflected in Imam Ali's speech, especially in the Malik (AS)htar Treaty. The purpose of this investigation is to study and explain these conditions from the of Imam Ali viewpoint. The findings of the investigation show that Peace is inherently desirable from the viewpoint of that Imam, but provided that it h(AS) been ple(AS)ing to God and the dignity and authority of the Islamic society is preserve in it. On the other hand, the Imam mentions several points (AS) conditions of Peace, which are: awareness of the enemy's conspiracies and beware of it; Futurism and foresight and lack of suspicion to the enemy; Transparency and clarity of the Peace treaty and its non- Interpretability; And ultimately adherence to Peace treaties and avoiding any deception or violation of contract. In this investigation, descriptive-analytical method h(AS) been used.

One of the most important and influential events in the political history of Imam H(AS)san (a.s.) is his (AS)s(AS)sination on the way from Sabat to Mada'in, which according to famous historians w(AS) carried out by the Khawarij. B(AS)ed on these sources, two things have become famous: firstly, the Imam's sermon in Sabat, which w(AS) the first issue that provoked the Khawarij to oppose him, with the suspicion of a Peace proposal with Muawiyah by Imam H(AS)san; The second is the operationalization of this incitement by the Khawarij with the (AS)s(AS)sination of Imam H(AS)san (a.s.), which w(AS) carried out on the way from Sabat to Mada'in. Considering the important role that this sermon and the attribution of (AS)s(AS)sination to Khawarij have in the overall analysis of the story of Peace between Imam H(AS)san (a.s.) and Muawiya, it is necessary to carefully analyze the important issues that exist in terms of documents and content. In this research, with a descriptive and analytical method, by examining the documents related to the content of the sermon and the (AS)s(AS)sination incident, which are related to each other, the main designers of the (AS)s(AS)sination were investigated and, contrary to popular opinion, the theory of the (AS)s(AS)sination of the Imam by the nobles and influential agents of Muawiya h(AS) presented